News Of The 21st Century The Evolution Of Necessity

News in the 21st century: The Evolution of Necessity By Sarah Laird, n9196579 Topic 1: Discuss how gathering, accessing and paying for news is evolving to survive using a range of sources and specific examples to illustrate your argument. Introduction A new form of journalism based on new media is changing the core of news production and consumption. Rebelling against the news models of the past as news migrates onto an online platform. News values are changing even in the ABC and other conventional news outlets. These changes are a response to the external factors that impact the news industry as it evolves into a new era of technological adaption. Although the meaning of news itself is changing, of equal†¦show more content†¦The figure of the journalist been reimaged into the figure of the â€Å"networked journalist† in order to adapt to the new system of news sharing. Networked journalism is a concept that â€Å"refers to a diffused capacity to record information, share it, and distribute it†. The role of the professional journalist is still essential amongst the growing number of citizen journalists both in going out to collect new facts on site, and in consolidating information. There is still authorship and analysis of writing, but it is driven by a networked practice dependent on sources, commentaries, and feedback, some of which are constantly accessible online. The actual product of journalistic practice now usually involves networks of various professionals and citizens cooperating, substantiating sources and claims, correcting and producing through these interactions, accurate stories. Filmmaker Jack Qui’s documentary Deconstructing Foxconn is a convincing example of the products of networked journalism. After a wave of worker suicides at Foxconn (Apple Inc.’s major contractor in the production of iPhones, iPods, and iPads) in Hong Kong, a collection of academics, journalists, non-governmental organization’s (NGO’s), and journalism students came into existence. This collective started to collaborate to gain consistent and undeniable facts about Foxconn and its one million employees and why journalists are not permitted. Students

The Problem About Using Sex in Advertisements Essay

Advertising is an important form of communication between products and customers. How to get viewers’ attention is first thing need to consider for advertising. Sexual appeal is become very useful tool in advertising, and it use is increasing. The sex appeal has a very long history, the first sex appeal advertising was introduced in 1911 by Woodbury’s Facial Soap (Campaign,2014). Once this advertising is released it has caused an enormous controversy, it is considered so risquà © and inappropriate by several readers, even their cancelled their subscriptions to the magazine immediately (O’Barr,2011) . However, by today’s sexually liberated standards, this advertising already is positively chaste. During the next 93 years, sex is become a†¦show more content†¦This issue essay will try to find different writers’ opinion to discuss the answer about why the advertising need use sexual appeal? Sex in advertising actually work? Moreover, whether or not it is ethical to use sexual appeal appeals in advertising? 5. Literature Review Nowadays, sex appeal is essential element for advertising; sex is everywhere that has been becomes the media constant companion. Sexual in advertising has many types such as nudity, sexual behavior, physical attractiveness, sexual referents and sexual embeds that make sex is exist in advertising across many forms (Reichert Lambiase, 2003). Therefore, Reichert (2007) state that sex in advertising has been defined as advertising tool for a wide variety of products that use sexuality in the form of nudity, sexual imagery, innuendo, and double entendre. Shahid as cited in Reichert (2007) said that sex in advertising really works in some products, at least for advertisers like Calvin kelvin, Dolce Gabbana and Victoria’s Secret. They are successful through use erotic appeals to get commercial success. A message if want has opportunity to influence viewers, at least let their seen or heard, use sexual in advertising is effective approach, therefore, sex used in advertisings primari ly to attract attention to the advertising (Reichert,2007;O’Barr,2011å† Ã¦â€° ¾2ä ¸ ª) . Sex in advertisingShow MoreRelated Humor Should Replace Sex in Media Advertising Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesHumor Should Replace Sex in Advertising   Ã‚  Ã‚   In todays society, we as consumers are exposed to media on a daily basis. Beginning the day with a glance at the daily newspaper and finishing the evening with a television program, the average person cannot escape the clutches of the media in its seemingly endless forms. Along with presenting objective information that includes local news, weather, and sports, a main function of modern media is advertising.    Two effective methods of catchingRead MoreSex in Advertising1358 Words   |  6 PagesSex in Advertising I chose sex in advertising for my research topic because I do not know about it well, even though a lot of sexual images and texts in advertisements. When I was a little kid, I often surprised by ads with sexy woman. Even now, I sometimes have my eyes glued to such kinds of advertising. I wonder that there are some physiological reasons why people pay attention to sex images. Also, learning about sex in advertising is useful for my career because I want to work for an advertisingRead MoreNegative Effects of Sex in Advertising1151 Words   |  5 Pagescommercials and advertisements that people see each day. The average person is opportuned to see about 2,500 advertisements each day. These advertisements can be from a commercial about a detergent that makes your cloth smell really good after washing it to another commercial that is about people seeing you as a celebrity because you are driving a certain brand of vehicle. So how can these advertisers differentiate themselves from t he other commercials that you see everyday? They simply use sex. Sex in advertisingRead MoreUse Of Diction And Its Effects On Adult Men With Erectile Dysfunction1139 Words   |  5 Pagesabbreviated ED (Medicines - EMC). It is stated that about 30 million men in the United States suffer from ED (Viagra). In Viagra commercials and advertisements, blunt diction is utilized to highlight the common insecurities of men, which creates this idea that in order to fulfill one’s manliness, then an individual would have to take Viagra. In this particular advertisement, I noticed key ploys to entice a man suffering from ED to take Viagra as a means by using a bold selection of diction, a paradise getawayRead MoreWhat Makes Sex For Advertising So Appealing?1674 Words   |  7 Pages Sex is a very controversial subject that normally attracts a lot of attention, which forces it be extremely exploitable for attention craved advertisement creators. Sex can be defined as ways to gain consume rs attention (Belch Belch 2007). What makes sex in advertising so special? Why is sex so appealing to consumers? Sexual appeal can be characterized as an emotional trigger. Sex can be construed as the soul of advertising. (Brayan 2003) There are various emotions that an advertiser can utilizeRead MoreSex Sells : Sexual Innuendo1340 Words   |  6 PagesSex sells. Many advertisers and companies attempt to over sexualize their products, some in blunter ways than others. In many of the aggressively sexual ads, advertisers create women as sex objects and nothing else. These campaigns do not show women in their true states, but rather as parts of women or put into positions to symbolize objects. In the Natan jewelry advertisement, the company objectifies a woman by removing her identity and only including the image of her pristine legs. The pictureRead MoreDoes Sex Sell?986 Words   |  4 Pages1996) and we are a collection of animal urges. There is something natural and innate, simil ar to animals, for human beings to have a certain sex appeal for others. Sex in advertising or â€Å"sex sells† are advertisements that show either the female and male body in order to attract buyers. Ever since advertising was established as a moneymaking business, sex has been utilized with it since it was proven that it could improve interests and sales. Sexuality is considered to be one of the most reliableRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of an Advertisement Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of an Advertisement Advertisements are all over the place. Whether they are on TV, radio, or in a magazine, there is no way that you can escape them. They all have their target audience who they have specifically designed the ad for. And of course they are selling their product. This is a multi billion dollar industry and the advertiser’s study all the ways that they can attract the person’s attention. One way that is used the most and is in some ways very controversial is use of sex to sellRead MoreAdvertisement On The Label Of The Beer Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages The advertisement I have chosen to analyze is a Budweiser print ad. The ad itself has no text besides the writing on the label of the beer, so the argument is found in only the picture presented. In the picture, you see only the body of the beer bottle with a woman leaning against it. She is in a skin-tight one-piece outfit that continues the label on the bottle where she is leaning. I believe this ad is extremely ha rmful to society in many different aspects including the way it associatesRead MoreThe Old Spice s Advertisement1322 Words   |  6 Pages The Old Spice’s advertisement â€Å"The Man Your Man Could Smell like† is a thirty seconds commercial that initiates a conversation between a woman and her boyfriend or husband about body wash products. The advertisement targets audiences are directed at women, who are in heterosexual relationships and who does the shopping for personal-care products on behalf of their boyfriend or husband. Simply, the female audience is being influenced to purchase the Old Spice body wash for their men. The main tools

My Testimony The End of the Road Essay Example For Students

My Testimony The End of the Road Essay On September 29, 1981, I committed a horrible crime against society. I committed a crime of murder that took the life of an innocent young (19) woman. She was the mother of a child, a daughter of a man and his wife, a sister of her siblings, and a friend to many. This crime also affected her family, my family, the community, the men and women of law enforcement and the justice system. For this I have constantly been remorseful and reminded of the pain and the suffering I have caused. During my time in prison I struggled for many years to turn my life around and take responsibility for what I had done. My sentence began in the Ohio State Penitentiary (Columbus) it was there that like any other, I was subjected to ridicule, bullying, being gazed upon by other men as property, and it was there that my punishment would be slow, severe, and where I realized that I may never get out again. Soon I was transferred to the Southern Ohio Correctional facility, known to all as Lucasville and The end of the road. At the time Lucasville was Ohios final destination for the worse of the worse. I am not going to say that I did not belong there, I DID! I was scared and felt that I could not be like the rest of those guys who had made their retirement package, which included a cell, lousy food, and loneliness, the worse anyone could ever feel. I was a young twenty (20) year old among those who had spent years on death row and several years without human interaction or human companionship. I had a rough way to go. It took five years for me to finally break down and admit that I could no longer live my life without forgiveness. I had hated myself so much that I allowed myself to be abused, mistreated, unhealthy, disrespected, and misused. I was so far into a deep remorse that I thought I was supposed to just beat myself beyond recognition. I opened a book given to me while I was in the county jail, not but a week in. It was the Upper Room. Inside this booklet was an index card that stated, Chose this day for Gods forgiveness. But, how was I to ask for anyones forgiveness, let alone Gods, if I wasnt even able to forgive myself? This issue of the Upper Room, dated September-October 1981 had focused on forgiving ones self. It wasnt until then that I was able to truly understand what being remorseful meant. It meant that I had to accept my responsibilities for MY actions that hurt so many people. It meant that I had a lot of work to do to become truly remorseful. My actions from then on had to come by repenting, and creating a positive road towards freedom. Between the years of 1985 and 2007 I had given so much of myself to God, the community and to those out here. In august 2007 I was granted a parole by the Ohio Adult Parole Authority (OhAPA), however, because of the absolute right of the victims they were granted a full board hearing to dispute my homecoming. The OhAPA determined during that hearing that a continuance be given until November 2012. I was given another five years to serve. I wrote to the OhAPA and thanked them for allowing the people of the family and my own family to share their input for further consideration. Although I did not understand, I embraced the continuance as another opportunity to prepare myself to be Able and Ready to take on the responsibilities and obligations of being a parolee. I enrolled in yet another program that taught me how to think, react, and face the trials and tribulations. I was able to quit smoking cigarettes, habit I had picked up after my arrest. In the end I thanked each member of the OhAPA and all the parties concerned that each day I am constantly asking myself WHY? Why did I hurt an innocent human being? .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c , .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .postImageUrl , .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c , .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c:hover , .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c:visited , .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c:active { border:0!important; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c:active , .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u322eac4e1afdf80168e6963198f41b2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad Proton Commerce EssayI dont know. But what I have come to learn is that circumstance, situation, past pain, past memories, when not dealt with in a healthy manner can often cloud ones thinking and their ability to deal with stressful moments. I would like to stress to all who have read this, that no matter what I have accomplished, and how happy I felt getting released, there is a woman who lost her life who will never ever feel these feelings, and it makes me cry more for her than for the happiness I feel with all of you. So please tonight remember her in your prayers. Her name was Robin. Because of this I served 377 months (Thirty-One and 1/2 Years) in prison. I was released Thursday, February 21, 2013. Upon release I enrolled (March 2013) in Everest University (Online) in an attempt to obtain a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration. I have not done as well as I would have liked so far, but I am still here and still doing the right things.

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Essay Example For Students

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Essay Cindy Copeland The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Chapter 1 â€Å"Foua never thought to ask, since she speaks no English, and when she delivered Lia, no one present spoke Hmong. † (pg 6) I cannot imagine being somewhere where no one spoke the same language – let along receiving medical care and/or delivering a baby without anyone speaking the same language. That must have been not only a scary experience, but a lonely one too. To have no one there and no one there that spoke my language – I would have been terrified! I also cannot imagine not having an interpreter available. I was not aware that this was, or even could be, an issue in America (naive of me). Foua first experience giving birth â€Å"Western† style must have been terrifying – completely different than what she was accustomed to, unable to communicate, and receive/follow directions. How difficult and frustrating for Foua and her family and for the medical staff. With the apprehension of the Hmong of Western medicine, it is no wonder that lack of communication and direction can precipitate this belief. Chapter 2 The history of the Hmong’s yields several lessons that anyone who deals with them might do well to remember. Among the obvious †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦do not like to take orders, that they do not like to lose, that they would rather fight, flight, flee, or die than surrender; that they are not intimidated by being outnumbered, that they are rarely persuaded by other customs of other customs †¦.. , and they are capable of getting very angry. † (pg 17) This should be common knowledge for most people. Common courtesy – who in their right mind likes to be ordered around? There is a right and wrong way in approaching and dealing with people. We will write a custom essay on The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nice and not so nice – unfortunately for the Hmong, it sounds as if most people were either annoyed, arrogant, or too busy to listen to and learn about the Hmong culture. It is essential to remember the fundamentals of humanity. Listen; be courteous, empathetic, and helpful. No one likes to be bossed around as well as being intimated or demand into something they don’t want to do. I don’t understand people who don’t remember this once they obtain a degree (or big accomplishment). It seems to go to their head and they don’t remember how to relate to others (more times than not). It is essential to remember where you have come from, how you’ve gotten there, and know that everything can be lost in an instance. Life is precious and others should be treated as you want to be treated. Chapter 3 â€Å"Each had accurately noted the same symptoms, but Dan would have been surprised to hear that they were caused by soul loss, and Lia’s parents would have been surprised to hear that they were caused by an electrochemical storm inside their daughter’s head that had been stirred up by the misfiring of aberrant brain cells. † (pg 28) So much miscommunication – it is so sad to read! Each person wanted only the best for Lia, but ended up brings out the worst in each other. The miscommunication, the cultural barrier, as well as the misunderstanding – neither side ever thought to ask the other their thoughts, ideas, or questions on Lia’s condition. If that had happened – who could say if the outcome would be different? I would have thought a doctor would ensure that a patient’s family would fully understand the condition of their child, regardless of race/gender/origin. I thought it was part of the Hippocratic Oath that they take. I really do see the need for cultural competency classes now – to ensure that situations like this does not happen. However, situations like this probably happens more than we would like to think about and know about. Chapter 4 â€Å"In his opinion, the physicians and nurses at Ban Vinai failed to win the cooperation of the camp inhabitants because they considered the relationship one-sided, with the Westerners holding all the knowledge. As long as they persisted in this view†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦what the medical establishment was offering would ontinue to be rejected, since the Hmong would view it not as a gift but as a form of coercion. † (pg 37) This view that Conquergood stated was very true to form and continued over into the United States. So many Americans seem to think that we know everything and our country is the greatest. We can learn so much from so many others if we would just open ourselves up to the po ssibilities that we do not have all the answers to everything. Conquergood really made a difference within the refugee camp. He immersed himself into the culture by trying to understand the Hmong and become not one of them but friends with them not â€Å"to† them. Treating others as you would want to be treated really needs to be remembered for everyone – but it seems that society does not do this. We must learn we cannot push an agenda off onto others, especially if they are from a different culture. It may be with the best of intentions with great benefits, but it is essential for each side to understand the intentions of each. Coercion and helpfulness can be misunderstood, but are two very different things. Chapter 5 â€Å"The worst aspect of the case was that as conscientious physicians and dedicated parents, they found it agonizing to watch Lia, as it would have been for them to watch any child, fail to receive the treatment they believed might help her lead a normal life. † (pg 57) I am not a parent yet, but I cannot stand to watch anyone, especially a child, suffer. I can’t imagine what Lia’s parents and physicians went through when treating her. There were so many thing mishandled, and it so easy to see it now when hindsight is 20/20. With the major communication barriers, I cannot imagine that the doctor’s would not think that the orders, explanations, and medication would be understood. With virtually no communication with the Lees, the doctors should have known that they don’t speak English, and if they don’t speak English, they probably can’t read it either. I understand that in an emergency room, doctor’s see many patients. But the Lees were in and out of the ER consistently. Should that not have been a warning sign after the first couple of times? Why had no one thought to ask if the parents had questions, concerns, or ideas for treatment. The doctors knew they dreaded seeing Lia, they should have known the parents did not want this for their child either! She had been in and out so much; it wasn’t as if the hospital staff did not know their faces. It just a break down of communication that is sad to read about and it is hard to think that this actually happened within the US. Chapter 6 â€Å"This is a different kind of tension because they don’t know that they are doing something bad. † (pg75) It is very difficult trying to express and explain something when someone does not understand. I cannot even imagine what it was like for doctors treating Lia, trying to help her, when explaining the importance of certain procedures. However, it must have been equally frustrating for the Lees because they did not understand this new way of medicine. Being open to all possibilities is essential when treating someone – your way may not be the best way and it may take a patchwork of treatments to work. It is important for each party involved to be able to express themselves and explain why they are doing what they are doing – communication is the key! .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 , .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .postImageUrl , .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 , .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434:hover , .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434:visited , .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434:active { border:0!important; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434:active , .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434 .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3b9aa9f800a520c9fb602bb433f4434:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AIDS - What's new ? EssayThat is what is lacking here, communication and tolerance of each other’s different culture. Tolerance and patience is the key. When something is not understood, people react and act out in different ways. If this had been caught, maybe Lia could have been saved. Chapter 7 â€Å"I wanted the word to get out in the community that if they deviated from that, it was not acceptable behavior. † (pg 79) â€Å"We are just refugees but we are human beings like any doctor too. † (pg 84) Respect is the key issue here. We must respect everyone in order to receive it back. Everyone deserves to be treated equally, regardless of race/color/sex/origin/culture. Why some individuals feel superior to others is beyond me. We all deserve the same opportunities in life. We all experience the same basic needs and wants. Although doctors may have a wealth of knowledge in the medical field, other individuals may have street smarts and succeed further in different circumstances; thus, proving the need for respect and equality for all. Everyone is unique and special in his or her own way. Commanding, domineering, arrogant, behavior is unacceptable behavior regardless of position. With this type of behavior, respect will be earned nor granted. Chapter 8 â€Å"Ever since they had arrived in the United States, the Lees had been meeting Americans who, whether because of their education, their knowledge of English, or their positions of relative authority, had made them feel as if their family didn’t count for much. Being belittled is the one thing no Hmong can bear. † (pg 96-97) Feeling inadequate is an easy feeling to feel. Knowing how to overcome it is difficult. Family is so important. The possibility of someone putting my family down or belittling me would upset me. It would upset me more if my family was involved. This is a trait I believe everyone has, not just Hmong. Who likes to feel belittled, unworthy, or inadequate? This goes back to the respect issue. Respect for others, regardless of culture is so very essential to make for good relations. Without it, lines of communication will never be open. The first impression really does matter. Chapter 9 â€Å"The Hmong have a phrase, yuav paim quav, which means that the truth will eventually come to light. † (pg 108) â€Å"Neil and Peggy had no idea what the Lees were doing to heal Lia because they never thought to ask. pg 112) I believe these two quotes go together. The truth did eventually come out. Two worlds and cultures collided and tragically, a child was caught in the middle. Doctors never thought to ask the parents what they believed would heal their child. Parents never thought to ask the doctors if they thought they could heal their child. Neither worked together for the good of Lia – each were opposing forces that collided together and Lia suffered the negative effects from both. The truth does eventually come to light in everything, it just takes time. However, I believe time was not Lia’s friend. Caring for your patient isn’t enough – knowing that there is a clear line of communication is essential. Chapter 10 â€Å"The Hmong also impressed the Americans with their adaptability. † (pg 131) During the war, the Hmong was able to adapt to virtually every aspect that was thrown to them: making homes out of rice sacks, improvising supplies to hunt with, and relocating themselves and their families. How sad that not even 30 years later, the Hmong are looked upon with disdain and annoyance. The Hmong had nothing but patience and loyalty for Americans during the war in their homeland. They fought beside us, gave their lives for their country, and assisted the U. S. intelligence with whatever they could. Then they relocate as refuges to America and begin to be treated as lowly citizens because of different beliefs and culture. Chapter 11 â€Å"It was awful,† Dee recalled. â€Å"The doctors wouldn’t even look at Foua and Nao Kao. They’d only look at us and Jeanine. They saw us at smart and white, and as far as they were concerned the Lees were neither. † (pg 151) Stereotyping is a terrible thing. This is a perfect example of stereotyping. Because the Lees were Hmong, the doctors assumed that they were dumb and uneducated. They did not know what an opportunity they had to assist the Lees and help break down the communication and cultural barriers that remained between the Hmong and the medical-American community. For something that terrible to be happening and not understanding it would be awful! Snap judgments really must be avoided at all costs. Nothing good can come from stereotyping and assumptions. And to think the educated medical community would do such a thing is sad and terrible. So much to learn from this book! Chapter 12 â€Å"For as long as there have been Hmong, there have been ways to get out of tight spots. (pg 170) I think this is a commendable quality of the Hmong. The ability to persevere through demanding situations with nobility and the capability to preserve one’s integrity is extraordinary. Being ingenious with the ability to think quickly without yielding to pressure is remarkable. So many cultures have been lost because of the necessity to adapt. I believe this remark wa s made in a derogatory manner within the book, but I believe it is an admirable quality. The Lee’s specifically conformed to some of the American culture without losing themselves. Conformity does not mean coercion or intimidation. I don’t think American would be the nation it is today without some conformity of many cultures into one. But not losing one’s identity is the key. I think the Lee’s were afraid of losing themselves, thus their souls. They were not able to be diplomatic about the fact that two cultures could meld together. If I was in their shoes, I don’t know if I could have either, though. Chapter 13 â€Å"When Nao Kao thought he was being forced to sign a piece of paper that said his daughter was going to die in two hours, he did what any Hmong in an impossible corner, starting with the legendary Shee Yee, might consider doing: he fled. (pg 178) I believe Nao reacted the way any protective father would react if faced in this type of situation. If my father would have thought someone was trying to kill me within two hours, he would do everything and anything within his power to remove me from that situation to prevent the death. Granted, Lia wasn’t going to die i n two hours, it was a huge misunderstanding; basically the premise of this book –misunderstanding, miscommunication, and no tolerance of others cultural beliefs. So many things that could have been prevented, but wasn’t. Nao loves his daughter; there is no doubt in my mind in that. He just wanted to protect his daughter. Love drives people to do silly and unpredictable things. Nao was just doing what he thought was best for him and his family. Chapter 14 â€Å"In America, we are blind because even though we have eyes, we cannot see. We are deaf because even though we have ears, we cannot hear. † (pg 187) In 1987, when Senator Alan Simpson, then the ranking minority member of the Senate Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs, called the Hmong â€Å"the most indigestible group in society. † (pg189) The Hmong feel that they are blind and deaf even though they are capable of doing both. .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d , .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .postImageUrl , .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d , .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d:hover , .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d:visited , .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d:active { border:0!important; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d:active , .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9015e8bf361774b825dbf4907de77c3d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: De Tocqueville's Democracy In America EssayThey feel they have no voice and no vision because American culture is a different type of prison than they have ever known. Welfare is the only way of life because they do not know the language and do not understand the culture. The only way of life the Hmong has known has been lost and they feel helpless to figure out what else is possible. At least in the Lee’s case, this mentality has not been given to their children. It seems that their children are adapting well to the American culture. Maybe it is due to them having more opportunities with schooling and such. It is sad that the Hmong feels this way. Each person has a voice. They just have to know how to use it. Chapter 15 But whenever I began to be lulled by this relatively rosy picture, I was drawn up short by an explosion of rage from Nao Kao (â€Å"My child is lost because of those doctors! ), or, more frequently, by a sudden seepage of grief from Foua. I love Lia too much (pg 218) It could look deceptively rosy. Lia’s epilepsy has been cured, she is well-taken care of and her parent’s never have to worry about medication nor social services taking her away from them again. Lia is quiet, yet growing. Foua is able to have Lia at home to care for her. Nurse’s call Lia â€Å"the perfect patient† now. But what everyone is forgetting is a huge factor – Lia’s EEG is flat, she is essentially brain dead, in a vegetative state. She will not get any better. Lia’s parents will always have to take care of her. There is a lot of grief, a lot of anger, and a lot of frustration because of Lia’s condition. Lia’s parent’s blame the doctor’s, the doctor’s blame Lia’s parents – neither side is willing to take responsibility for their part in this tragedy. Lia’s parent’s love exudes from the pages of the book. My heart goes out to them. It’s a situation that could have been avoided if cultures understood each other and were tolerant. Chapter 16 All kinds of vessels can be plugged, but you can’t plug people’s mouths. (pg 226) This is so true. People always have something to say! People do not realize that what they say can either help or hurt. No one can stop the wagging tongue. Everyone seems to have an opinion on something and everything, and most don’t seem to think (or care) if it will hurt others. Take the quote from Chapter 14 from Senator Alan Simpson calling the Hmong the most indigestible group in society. That quote cannot help the Hmong be accepted with the American society. It only creates more hostility, more hate, and more gossip to be dealt with. And that was a politician – someone who is supposed to have the best of American in mind! The America that was founded for equality and justice for all. We wonder why racism and bias still run amuck today – because of small minds like this. People need to learn when to keep their mouths shut! Chapter 17 Lia’s case had confirmed the Hmong community’s worst prejudices about the medical profession and the medical community’s worst prejudices about the Hmong. (pg 253) This quote really sums up the basis of the book: prejudices on each side of the culture. Stereotyping, prejudice, and bias is something that really needs to be banished, but I do not know how this is going to happen. I don’t have the answers, but this book shows the need for it. The damage that has happened to Lia may never fully recover within the Hmong community. As said before, you can’t plug people’s mouths! Again, with the medical community with the Hmong; however, this book may help with that. I think every medical, healthcare, educational, and business individual needs to read this book to see the implications bias and miscommunication/misunderstandings can have on a family, community, and two cultures. It is definitely an eye-opening lesson that every student needs to learn so no other family has to endure it. Chapter 18 But love, unlike etiology and diagnosis of pediatric seizures, cannot be taught. It can only be granted. In its absence, is there anything else that doctors can do to take better care of their Hmong patients? pg 265) Love cannot be taught. It can only be felt and be given. The best parents give love unconditionally, which the Lee’s did willingly and without any reservation. The Lee’s, overnight it seemed, went from being the monster parents to angelic parents. Because of Lia’s condition, respect was given to the Lee’s. This respect should have always been there and given, and why it wasn’t I don’t understand. I have such a tremendous amount of respect for the Hmong culture because of everything they have endured and persevered, especially the Lee’s. Lia was always loved and her parent’s always wanted what was best for her. It was just they didn’t know and understand Lia’s condition. I believe they would have never willfully put Lia into harms way. It is just a tragic situation that should have never happened. There should have been some type of interference that happened to help prevent this tragedy to occur. Cultural competency is definitely a must – especially since America is a melting pot of diversity. Chapter 19 â€Å"Come home through this door, Come home to your family, Come home. (pg 288) My heart aches for this family, for this child, for her parents, and for each life Lia touched. The enduring power of parental love is transcends time. Lia’s parents are still searching for her soul, hoping and praying she will get better. I cannot even begin to write the words I am feeling right now. Sadness, grateful that someone wrote this story, disgust that this could happen within American, grateful that the Lee’s did have people in their lives that genuinely loved and cared for them. It is tragic yet endearing to know that Lia will never recover yet the Lee’s still love and appreciate her as a normal child. Why couldn’t the community do the same for them? Why did this collision of two cultures and two different worlds not turn out better – why didn’t someone take the time and initiative to help the Hmong culture meld better into the American society? Was it anyone’s fault? It’s just a tragic story that could have been prevented in so many ways. And maybe now it can because the story has been told †¦. And history will not be repeated. Heidi, This was an awesome book that has changed me, my views, my perspective, and outlook on so many aspects on life, culture, humility, and tolerance of others Thanks for giving us the opportunity to read it! Cindy

The Convergence of the Twain Essay Example

The Convergence of the Twain Essay Example The Convergence of the Twain Paper The Convergence of the Twain Paper Essay Topic: The Convergence Of the Twain In April 1912, the RMS Titanic sank, with the loss of 1,517 passengers. In the weeks that followed, numerous responses to the disaster were published, one of which was Hardys The Convergence of the Twain. The poem portrays a view of the disaster relating to the complex relationship between the two dominant forces of man and nature, and the understatedly devastating consequences of the consummation of mans hubristically flawed ambitions with the enduringly relentless power of the Spinner of the Years. The challenge of public poetry also alters the ways in which Hardys literary techniques of theme, structure; form and imagery combine to form the verse that went out to the grieving masses of 1912. In terms of theme, The Convergence of the Twain follows the story of the Titanics sinking, as well as exploring another side of the disaster, away from the predictable hysteria and grief. One of the main themes is that of juxtaposition, and the idea of the conflict, or consummation between the eternal verities. Ideas surrounding this theme include And the Pride of Life that planned her, stilly couches she, referring to the contrasts between life and death, and with the capitalisation in Pride of Life, elevating mans ambitions to those on a par with the omnipotence of the higher verities, of Time and Fate, of The Immanent Will and The Spinner of the Years. This juxtaposition in premise between the desires, actions and feelings of man against the unflinching rigour of the eternal verities is also one of the enduring themes of the poem, as it is in many of Hardys more confessional works of verse. Reflections of this include the idea of Times unflinching rigour reducing a person to one phantom figure in At Castle Boterel, and the intimate and confirmatory lyric of Woman much missed, how you call to me, call to me being reduced to the bitter indictment of And the woman, calling through the passage of time in The Voice. This suggests that Hardy keeps his main stylistic themes consistent, and applies them to differing events more in terms of scale, or levels of contrast, rather than changing the actual content of the themes. The form and structure of The Convergence of the Twain is very much unlike many of Hardys poems, a possible response to the scale of his commitment to write publically or perhaps simply an exploration of form to try and convey his own views, slightly antithetical in themselves, on the disaster. The poem is divided into eleven heroic triplets, self containing the stanzas with the rhyme scheme, and leaving the poem in an isometric form- possibly highlighting the impersonality of Hardys view on the events. Furthermore, these structurally static, contained triplets do not possess the natural speech rhythms caused by the heavy use of caesurae and changes in line length that exist of many of his more personal poems. This process of technique enacting meaning leads to poems like The Voice and Neutral Tones possessing a much deeper, heartfelt message as a result of the effervescent lines, Saying that now you are not as you were and the heavily accented pauses that convey effect and depth- Thus I; faltering forward/Leaves around me falling. This contrast in personal poetry having a more heartfelt feel and the public having a more stagnant, artificially composed nature suggests the impersonality of the public against the deeply confessional verse of the personal, and the lack of pronouns and simple lack of recognition of the dead in The Convergence of the Twain in contrast to the consistent I and You in the personal works adds to this feeling. A further comment that can be made on the form of structure of The Convergence of the Twain is the way that tense is portrayed in the poem, and how this contributes to its effect as well as how it contrasts or identifies with Hardys confessional work. The The Convergence of the Twain has a clear division between tense, and furthermore, this division is also key to the narration of events and the dynamic aspects of the narrative. Stanzas I-V are written entirely in the present tense, as Hardy describes the current situation of The Titanic- Steel chambers, late the pyres/Of her salamandrine fires/Cold currents thrid, and turn to tidal lyres- the ship itself is passive against the metaphor of the music of the tidal lyre sweeping over it, and the cold currents that employ the neologism of thrid to explain the meaning of their power over the once pristine ship. This passive stasis of the poem could highlight Hardys indifference to the loss of those who are described as the opulent, or the simple fact that the ship is now at the bottom of the ocean, at the mercy of the greater forces that Hardy discusses and references with such vigour in stanzas VI-XI. In stanza VI, the tense changes upon the heavily accentuated caesura of Well:, and Hardy proceeds to actively describe the events that contributed to the Titanics downfall- The Immanent Will that stirs and urges everything/Prepared a sinister mate, exemplifies this through the stanza wide enjambment highlighting the unstoppable nature of the Will, and the stirs and urges adding to dynamism of the poem. This idea of a clear definition between tense is one that occurs much more sparsely in works of a direct importance to Hardy, as his verse of this type often blurs the boundaries between tense to highlight the distinction, or lack of distinction in his memories and the contrast and confusion between the past and present. Examples of this include lines in The Voice, Saying that now you are not as you were, and the recounting of a memory through present description in At Castle Boterel, Myself and a girlish form benighted/In dry March weather.

Invention of Credit Cards

Invention of Credit Cards What is credit? And what is a credit card? Credit is a method of selling goods or services without the buyer having cash in hand. So a credit card is simply an automatic way of offering credit to a consumer. Today, every credit card carries an identification number that speeds up shopping transactions. Imagine what a credit purchase would be like without it.  The sales person would have to record your identity, billing address and terms of repayment. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the use of credit cards originated in the United States during the 1920s, when individual firms, such as oil companies and hotel chains, began issuing them to customers. However, references to credit cards have been made as far back as 1890 in Europe. Early credit cards involved sales directly between the merchant offering the credit and credit card and that merchants customer. Around 1938, companies started to accept each others cards. Today, credit cards allow you to make purchases with countless third parties. The Shape of Credit Cards Credit cards were not always been made of plastic. Throughout history, there have been credit tokens made from metal coins, metal plates, and celluloid, metal, fiber, paper and now mostly plastic cards. First Bank Credit Card The inventor of the first bank issued credit card was John Biggins of the Flatbush National Bank of Brooklyn in New York. In 1946, Biggins invented the Charge-It program between bank customers and local merchants. The way it worked was that merchants could deposit sales slips into the bank and the bank billed the customer who used the card. Diners Club Credit Card In 1950, the Diners Club issued their credit card in the United States. The Diners Club credit card was invented by Diners  Club founder Frank McNamara as a way to pay restaurant bills. A customer could eat without cash at any restaurant that would accept Diners Club credit cards. Diners Club would pay the restaurant and the credit card holder would repay Diners Club. The Diners Club card was at first technically a charge card rather than a credit card since the customer had to repay the entire amount when billed by Diners  Club. American Express issued their first credit card in 1958. Bank of America issued the BankAmericard (now Visa) bank credit card later in 1958. The Popularity of Credit Cards Credit cards were first promoted to traveling salesmen (they were more common in that era) for use on the road. By the early 1960s, more companies offered credit cards by advertising them as a time-saving device rather than a form of credit. American Express and MasterCard became huge successes overnight. By the mid-70s, the U.S. Congress begin regulating the credit card industry by banning practices such as the mass mailing of active credit cards to those who had not requested them. However, not all regulations have been as consumer friendly. In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court in case Smiley vs. Citibank lifted restrictions on the number of late penalty fees a credit card company could charge. Deregulation has also allowed very high-interest rates to be charged.

Current Even Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Current Even Paper - Assignment Example The company specializes in training other corporations on how to incorporate lean concepts in their operations. Javelin has developed the â€Å"Lean Startup Machine† methodology that equips businesses with the necessary tools and techniques that can be used to iterate their products. The tools and techniques provided by this company help organizations to build new products and ensure that the products are brought to the market faster. The founder of Javelin Inc. notes that the scale of waste in many operations and projects is huge. The Lean Startup Machine is aimed at addressing these problems. The above article highlights how Javelin Inc. is helping corporations improve how they undertake their projects and process. In particular, the Lean Startup Machine developed by Javelin Inc helps corporations understand how to get feedback from customers and other stakeholders and this helps to improve the quality of products and services offered. It emphasizes on the importance of iteration during manufacturing or processing. Quality improvement is one of the goals of lean processes where business aim to reduce product defects. In addition, the article above also highlights how Lean Startup Machine helps corporations to minimize waste. In lean processes, there are different types of waste that need to be eliminated. Chapman, L. (5 March, 2014). Javelin Raises $1.5M to Bring Lean Startup Method to Big Corporations. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved form

Change Process and Models Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change Process and Models - Coursework Example Without any iota of difficulty, the change that took place can be explained using three change process theories. These change process theories have carefully been enumerated below; in relation to the change that took place within the organization. The first theory that explains the change that took place is the expectancy theory. In an expectancy theory, it is generally said that people are induced to act in specific ways because they are motivated to act as such (Johnson, 2012). What this means is that expectancy theory demands that people pay off the motivation they receive by giving back excellent delivery. Looking at the fact that two people were promoted as a form of intrinsic motivation (Homik et al, 2008), it can be said that the expectancy theory was applied in this instance. This is because by motivating these two employees with the promotions, they will become obliged and expected to work with certain levels of output expectations. If for nothing at all, they will be expected to work above their means as a way of proving to their superiors that they deserve the promotions that were granted them. Another change process theory that comes to play in this instance is that of equity theory. According to the equity theory, people within an organization will be expecting to judge whether or not there is being fair distribution of available resources (Fuchs et al, 1997). With the present scenario, fairness and equity can be judged from the fact that the employees of the organization who were promoted can be labeled as resources because they form the basis of the human resource of their organization (Gardener, 2008). Secondly, fairness was attained because their hard work for their organization was acknowledged and rewarded. Indeed, there had been situations within the same organization whereby some employees were very aggrieved because they felt that their efforts were not recognized

Organization Psychology Essay Example for Free

Organization Psychology Essay During the period between 2002 and 2005 a cancer center in Jordan i. e. King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) changed its organization model from traditional to transformed model. The need for transformation was in response to external factors of the environment in order to accommodate the needs of its stakeholders. Initially the center was called Al-Amar center which had operations and image problems that were affecting the organization (Miller, 2006). Al-Amar centre was perceived to be ineffective institution for caring of cancer . However it has transformed into a comprehensive centre for cancer that resemble western styles. The name of this centre changed to King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) following the change between 2002 and 2005 there were improved care services and improved its quality levels. In the same period the center was accredited and achieved Joint Commission International (JCI) (Miller, 2006). Organization Psychology Following the changes of KHCC it was able to achieve accountability, fiscal balance, certificate of accreditation from the international body and diversification of the service. There are three concepts which are believed to have led to the rapid changes in KHCC these are transnational culture, transformational leadership and political competence (Jeffrey, Gregory Andrew, 2007). Both natural and political values are included in transformational leadership formulation. Transformational leadership can be explained by looking at the values, norms and cultural organization behavior; others are like internal negotiations, political influence in assessing such resources and setting external boundaries. The mechanisms that facilitated changes lie within the capabilities of the leaders and their behavior. The leaders in KHCC were seen to sacrifice themselves a great deal in drawing out themselves and the followers. The leaders were devoted to attend to the needs of patients and those of lower level employees. This was in an effort to raise the healthcare standards the attributes that result from transformational leadership are universal and are mediated by specific cultural expectations from the lower employees (Miller, 2006). The characteristics of leadership in KHCC were not cultural specific. There is new form of leadership that is different from the previous one. The new leadership is goal oriented and allows participation of the followers in identification, implementation and evaluation of projects and programs aimed at improving the performance of the healthcare. However transformational leadership can be autocratic or democratic but the form of leadership that is observed in KHCC involves all the stakeholders in the project design and implementation of their programs. The aspect of involvement of the stakeholders fall under four components in KHCC i. e. intellectual stimulation, idealized stimulation, ideological motivation and individual consideration (Jeffrey, Gregory Andrew, 2007). Inspirational motivation can be created by leaders by articulating the future of the organization through setting of higher goals and standards that are inspiring and appealing to the follower. These goals or standards make the follower to be optimistic in what they are doing and therefore they will sacrifice themselves even where there are difficulties. For an organization to move to higher level of service it requires the team members to sacrifice themselves. Activities such as problem solving, daily meeting and working in late hour’s in order to meet the goals and objectives of the organization requires personal sacrifice and therefore there is need for the stake holders to be motivated (Miller, 2006). Initially the safety of the patients was compromised and therefore the leaders and the followers of KHCC committed themselves inured to create higher standards and improve the health care services. Idealized influence can be achieved when the follower admire or emulate a leader as being ideal. The followers of KHCC admired their leaders since they had high level of commitment, show of professionalism and they were willing to take care of patients. Respect of the leaders is also necessary in the achievement of the vision of the organization. In KHCC the goals are expressed to the team as inspirations and all the stakeholders are involved. There is training for staff at all levels based on the individual needs. Team building serves to reinforce commitment mutual respect and gathering ideas. Intellectual stimulation and individual consideration are behaviors among the leaders that attend to individuals with challenging issues or needs, concerns and soliciting the ideas of others (Andrea, 1997). Cultural sensitivity also contributed to the transformation of KHCC. This refers to the art of understanding the preference, norms and biases which may result to ineffective patient interaction. Cultural sensitivity and competence contribute to the success of the organization. At KHCC the staffs are recruited with knowledge of global technologies and communication that contribute to a medical society globally. Currently many international corporations are living expatriates with both local and western knowledge. Cultural competence can be gained by deploying information technology (Bommel, 2005). Prior to the transformation of KHCC information technology was poor and therefore the rapid growth of the center required a wider distribution of information technology. At KHCC video conferencing internet and e-mail access, access to national and global libraries of health, telepathology have been made possible. The increased use of information technology has influenced transnational culture (Moe, 2007). The establishment of the information technology was to enhance the health services to patients. The technologies have made KHCC to advance into western center for cancer. There is advanced training that has facilitated competent and qualified clinical scientist who is familiar with therapeutic and clinical oncopology practice. Through the training they have succeeded in both internal and international medical environment (Bommel, 2005). â€Å"End of life† is a service that has been implemented in KHCC and did not exist previously. This is a system that was implemented during transformation and was aimed at prolonging life. The system is also aimed at paying attention to quality of life of patients. The staffs have been able to create and mobilize cultural support through training that they undergo under palliative care. The staff has also diversified their language in order to break the language barrier and cater for the needs of all the stake holders. The influence and control between the stakeholders also have contributed to the rapid transformation of KHCC. The confidence and trust that is created by the leaders confer the followers’ willingness to follow or have an explanation of their willingness. KHCC staffs were able to create this confidence among their followers and therefore contributed to the rapid growth (Andrea, 1997). The staffs were also genuine and sincere in their commitment towards the achievement of KHCC the relationship between the domestic organization of healthcare, senior staffs and the overseas organization was vital for the transformation of KHCC. This relationship enabled the center to use effectively the technologies in order to cater for the needs of the stakeholders. Conclusion Culture extends beyond the boundaries of institutes. The professional role of culture and cultural context that is carried within information technology can make globalization to be possible. Political competence as a characteristic of a leader has a particular utility in the role of government in promoting health care and resource use and exchanges. Government incentives should include political capabilities in setting external broader boundaries in environment. Political capabilities can help to achieve the desired goals of an institution since they impact on their financial status. Therefore political competence need to be identified and leaders be trained on how to posses them. During the rapid changes of KHCC there were growing number of patients and programs and services increased (Moe, 2007)

Rene Descartes Essay -- Biographies Bio Biography

Rene Descartes was a famous French mathematician, scientist and philosopher. He was arguably the first major philosopher in the modern era to make a serious effort to defeat skepticism. His views about knowledge and certainty, as well as his views about the relationship between mind and body have been very influential over the last three centuries. Descartes was born at La Haye (now called Descartes), and educated at the Jesuit College of La Flà ¨che between 1606 and 1614. Descartes later claimed that his education gave him little of substance and that only mathematics had given him certain knowledge. In this lament he joins a chorus of seventeenth century philosophers including Bacon, Hobbes and Locke. In 1618 he went to Holland to serve in the army of Prince Maurice of Nassau, in traveled to Germany with that army. On the night of November 10, he had a series of dreams which he interpreted as signs that he would found a universal science. The most important influence on Descartes at this time was the mathematician Issac Beeckman, who stimulated Descartes by posing a number of problems and discussing issues in physics and mathematics with him. His first substantial work was the Regulae or Rules for the Direction of Mind written in 1628-9 but not published until 1701. This work shows Descartes interest in method which he share d with many sixteenth and seventeenth century scientists, mathematicians and philosophers. One source of this interest in method was ancient mathematics. The thirteen books of Euclid's Elements was a model of knowledge and deductive method. But how had all this been achieved? Archimedes had made many remarkable discoveries. How had he come to make these discoveries? The method in which the results were pr... ...l could interact with the body in 1643. In response to Elisabeth's questions, Descartes wrote a short work which developed into the Passions of the Soul. The work is a combination of psychology, physiology and ethics, and contains Descartes' theory of two way causal interaction via the pineal gland. Two months before the publication of the Passions Descartes set sail for Stockholm, Sweden, at the invitation of Queen Christina of Sweden. Descartes' death in Stockholm of pneumonia, has regularly been attributed to the rigors of the Swedish climate and the fact that Descartes (no early riser) was sometimes required to give the Queen lessons as early as five in the morning. However unpleasant these conditions may have been, it seems plain that Descartes acquired his fatal malady as a result of nursing his friend the French ambassador (who had pneumonia) back to health. Rene Descartes Essay -- Biographies Bio Biography Rene Descartes was a famous French mathematician, scientist and philosopher. He was arguably the first major philosopher in the modern era to make a serious effort to defeat skepticism. His views about knowledge and certainty, as well as his views about the relationship between mind and body have been very influential over the last three centuries. Descartes was born at La Haye (now called Descartes), and educated at the Jesuit College of La Flà ¨che between 1606 and 1614. Descartes later claimed that his education gave him little of substance and that only mathematics had given him certain knowledge. In this lament he joins a chorus of seventeenth century philosophers including Bacon, Hobbes and Locke. In 1618 he went to Holland to serve in the army of Prince Maurice of Nassau, in traveled to Germany with that army. On the night of November 10, he had a series of dreams which he interpreted as signs that he would found a universal science. The most important influence on Descartes at this time was the mathematician Issac Beeckman, who stimulated Descartes by posing a number of problems and discussing issues in physics and mathematics with him. His first substantial work was the Regulae or Rules for the Direction of Mind written in 1628-9 but not published until 1701. This work shows Descartes interest in method which he share d with many sixteenth and seventeenth century scientists, mathematicians and philosophers. One source of this interest in method was ancient mathematics. The thirteen books of Euclid's Elements was a model of knowledge and deductive method. But how had all this been achieved? Archimedes had made many remarkable discoveries. How had he come to make these discoveries? The method in which the results were pr... ...l could interact with the body in 1643. In response to Elisabeth's questions, Descartes wrote a short work which developed into the Passions of the Soul. The work is a combination of psychology, physiology and ethics, and contains Descartes' theory of two way causal interaction via the pineal gland. Two months before the publication of the Passions Descartes set sail for Stockholm, Sweden, at the invitation of Queen Christina of Sweden. Descartes' death in Stockholm of pneumonia, has regularly been attributed to the rigors of the Swedish climate and the fact that Descartes (no early riser) was sometimes required to give the Queen lessons as early as five in the morning. However unpleasant these conditions may have been, it seems plain that Descartes acquired his fatal malady as a result of nursing his friend the French ambassador (who had pneumonia) back to health.

Control immigration Essay

Every now and then, especially in periods of crisis, the argument of restricting the access of immigrants to one’s own country resurfaces. Whether a country is flourishing or struggling, there is never enough for all: there’s always someone else which is too many and comes to steal your air, particularly if he is poor, dirty, not speaking well your language, and so different from you. The fear and suspicion toward the immigrants is the easiest instinct an unscrupulous leader could incite in an ignorant undiscerning crowd. The grounds proposed to restrict immigration, and persecute or throw out foreigners, are the most selfish, vile and oblique, or specious and exploitable are its supports in any case. It is said that immigration policies must be tightened because many â€Å"illegal† immigrants enter the country day by day, but there does not exist a man or woman which is â€Å"illegal† outside a human artifice: a person can not be â€Å"illegal†. It is a universal right for people to stand and inhabit the land they want when doing no harm; men and women have no other home than the one that they choose. The nationalists (and the like) want to believe or make believe that the country has reached its limit of reception, but a land, unlike a field, it is not a private property: you cannot claim its possess just because you arrived first and declare who could come in and who cannot. Nation are fictitious, borders are drawn. It is being said that the immigrants come into the country to â€Å"steal† jobs and resources to the natural citizens, and profit from their welfare system, but the vast majority of newcomers come with the hope and the intent of building a living and keep themselves with fatigue, contributing to the wealth of their new country all along, whereas they undertake all the sort of jobs the so-called natural citizens don’t want to do anymore. There is no â€Å"natural† citizen (especially in the case of Americans): everybody came from somewhere, and all have always moved, and always will. There is no right of  first-class people with precedence over second-class ones; the class is one: the humankind. The fear gets spread professing that the immigrants bring crime with them, but the crime level they raise it is the one caused by the laws that consider them â€Å"illegal† from the beginning, simply because they are considered undesired by an authority that doesn’t grant them the right to stand where they have arrived with great difficulties and fatigue: instead of pursuing the duty of integration the states fill up their jails with whom escaped the toils of the rejections relegating these people to the fringe of society, where the crime is a means to survive, and the worst tendencies find the worst companies. Anti-immigration laws create illegality. Nearly every emigrant flees from backgrounds of intense poverty, maladies, scarcity, violence, persecutions, hopelessness and wars (or they are simply trying to achieve a better life), and trying to stem with force an inevitable social process, byproduct of that same globalization system promoted by who opposes to fluxes of migrants, can just produce a climate of terrorism. In the meantime, the dread and the hate toward the foreign and the diverse, and the battle of the poor against the poor(er), keep a population distracted from the real causes and persons responsible for its penalties. Beware of a society where goods and financial capitals have more freedom of the people themselves.

Organizational socialization Essay

Organizational socialization is a very important aspect in all organizations. It has been a lot of definitions, one is â€Å"the process by which organizational members become a part of, or absorbed into, the culture of an organization† (Jablin, 1982, p. 256). Another meaning that we have for organizational socialization is â€Å"the process of ‘learning the ropes,’ being indoctrinated and trained, and being taught what is important in the organization† (Schein, 1968, p. 2). Last but not the least, we have â€Å"the process by which a person learns the values, norms, and required behaviors which permit him or her to participate as a member of the organization† (Van Maanen, 1978, p. 67). Organizational socialization is evidently very important for growth and satisfaction not only in an individual’s job output, but more importantly it is essential to an organization’s growth towards innovation, job satisfaction, cooperation, organizational commitment, and ultimately organizational performance (Fisher, 1986). Even though organizations vary in their different natures, we must keep in mind that the nature of man and the dynamics of working as a group towards a common goal is what keeps all organizations united in the process of keeping its dynamics at its utmost best to come with the best results as they can with the given field of work they choose to follow. This is why so many people have come up with so many different theories with having the most ideal organizational socialization in their company. More importantly, this is why these different theories matter in the day to day encounters of people with in the company or any organization for that matter. Although the theories hold well in some practices in organizational development, practice of each theory in different settings will still vary and depend a lot on how each person will practice what theories present specially in organizational socialization (Tosi. et al, 2000 p3). Up to date, there have been a lot of studies pertaining to organizational socialization. A problem with these studies though is that so far, little research has been done to measure the specific settings and circumstances in which such socialization occurs (Ashforth & Saks, 1996; Jones, 1986). There was this one study, conducted by Ashforth, Saks and Lee (1998) that the examined the effects of three organizational context variables such as structure, size and job design. These variables were tested on the use of socialization tactics and the impact of these tactics on newcomer adjustment. This was particularly pretty helpful in t he field of organizational socialization to measure and compare the data gathered not only in the newcomer’s experience, but also to contrast each experience in varying fields. The study and application of organizational socialization is very important in the dynamics of the organizational processes also for many different reasons. One is that organizational socialization opens doors to behavioral changes that may occur from an employee’s entry point to being a key player in an organization or in a managerial or administrative role. Another is that the transitional view point of a worker in this process shapes an individuals’ growth, behaviors, decisions and even some key points that help shape the entrepreneurial process of an organization (Gartner, 1989; Stevenson & Jarillo, 1990). Another would be that specific role relationships within the person and key outsiders can be shown by viewing the influential outside constituents as socializing agents that can assist a newcomer in the formation of the firm he entered. Another would be that socialization literature such as orientations and the likes can identify the response of a new comer to the pressures of the environment of a new comer depending on the adaptability of each individual, henceforth showing the diversity of entrepreneurial experiences and new ventures (Gartner, 1985). Finally, the socialization perspective complements the environment of the newcomer by specifying the mechanisms that singles out those who cant fit with in the new environment. In the socialization process, the newcomers learn how to adapt and value the beliefs through social knowledge their new roles and function that they have to play in effectively in and organization (Aldrich & Zimmer, 1986). Van Maanen and Schein (1979) even developed a theoretical model of socialization which shows that socialization tactics used by an organization can influence the role orientation of a newcomer. Jones (1986) argues that a combination of six tactics form a socialization process namely formal, collective, sequential, serial, fixed, investiture or individualized. Jones concluded that institutionalized tactics encouraged newcomers to passively accept these established roles, while individualized tactics tend to encourage newcomers to develop their own approaches to playing their roles. According to some studies, there are specific socialization tactics in organizational socialization, Jones summarized Van Maanen & Schein’s 6 socialization tactics into a single polarity called institutionalized vs individualized dimension. He defined the institutionalized to be characterized by the common starting learning experiences. Due to the nature of this specified learning, it is sequential, fixed, collective, formal, and investiture. On the other hand individualized socialization is by its name, individual, random, informal, variable, and disjunctive and divestiture. This may be due to the nature of how it is learned by the new comer as it was defined by its characteristics. There are a lot of bases for adaptation of organizational socialization. In the motivational bases for adaptation, sociability of a newcomer is directly in line with the newcomer’s motivation to adapt to the expectations, norms and values that are already eminent not only in the organization members, but also in the structure of the organization. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors also let new recruits attend to socializing with the older members and adjusting accordingly through their actions. Furthermore, man’s psychological make-up makes him have real qualities that will help him have the right motivation to learn to adapt to the new setting that he is in behavior wise. This is probably why individuals respond in organizational efforts differently which causes a personalized response to each new setting. In organizational socialization, the main goal of adapting as a newcomer is to reach the entrepreneurial stage. In the entrepreneurial process, this can be viewed as a way where in you determine where in you will to start out a career in the path you chose as a newcomer in the field that you entered. This process of adapting to the field that you entered can also be viewed as your initiation or stepping stone towards your will to start a business. Some literature has tried to link a relationship between the motivational factors driving entrepreneurial activity and firm performance, with limited success (Cooper & Gascon, 1992) Even though some studies show the motivation to adapt in the environment of entrepreneurial endeavors, the literature in the entrepreneurship world shows the typical entrepreneur as the innovator who has to be different from the people around him. In most studies present, there has been a small consideration of the motivational mechanisms, activities, circumstances, or encounters where imitation, accommodation, or compliance might be the critical survival response. Four motivational bases for adaptation to socialization pressures can be applied to the entrepreneurial context–Personality, Anxiety or stress reduction, Choice, and Rewards/Power. A big aspect you have to factor in an organizational socialization also is personality. The variable of the uniqueness of each personality is bound to affect the motivation to become socialized. An individual’s unique tendencies to respond to authority, his need for control, and feedback can affect the newcomer’s adjustment and accommodation process to the expectations of members around him. One example would be a newcomer with moderate self-esteem and self-efficacy beliefs will cause him not be afraid to explore the new role and seek feedback as the basis for learning how to behave appropriately, otherwise, his coping mechanisms will be different. In other cases when an individual with a strong self-efficacy concept may have the tendency to attempt to change the organization rather than adapt to the situation presented to him. In the entrepreneurial context, his need for achievement motivation has been manifested to be his driving force in his start-up process in the organization (Brockhaus & Hurwitz, 1986). The goal orientation, self-confidence, and independence that compel individuals to start new businesses may also be factors in the entrepreneurial socialization process. Another thing to factor in organizational socialization is the anxiety and stress levels of the new comer. The new comer’s capacity for anxiety or stress reduction is important given that it is only inevitable for a newcomer to face a lot of stress while dealing with the unfamiliar pressures of a given field he entered. Some people are even motivated but this kinf of tension created by a new setting that tend to let them seek out new information for a new learning experience. Through developing and adaptation to the new environment, they will be able to create a predictability and certainty. This will enable then to adapt to their new setting. In the entrepreneurial context, one’s ability to manage risk, and associated personal characteristics such as tolerance for ambiguity, are generally linked to new firm performance. Another important thing to factor in is the concept of choice. This is because a person’s motivation to adjust to a new setting will always be influenced by the newcomer’s choice and commitment he has to his new role. This choice is essential considering that this choice defines to what extent a new comer will be willing to adjust to. Also, if the new role is a role the newcomer preferred compared to his previous role, his inclination and motivation to succeed in the new role should be higher. Rewards and power also is another factor in organizational socialization. Tangible benefits and possible power holding roles can be a big motivation for a new comer to excel and be more adaptive to changes in his new environment. This aspect of motivation is an essential component of organizational socialization. This is because newcomers respond to organizational communications that specify role behaviors that can promise or lead to organizational rewards or career growth. Also, traditional sources of social influence and reciprocity, such as proximity, status, and affective interactions, may also motivate compliance. In one study, Dornblaser, Lin, and Van de Ven observed differences in the concerns and performance expectations of innovation managers and resource controllers in 16 innovation settings (Dornblaser et al. , 1990). In human resource procedures, most of the instructions regarding norms, values, standard operating procedures, skills related to the job and the likes are provided by veteran organization members. Organizational insiders act as socializing agents which serve as critical resources who may both be the reason for impediment or better adaptability of new comers in an organization. The person in charge of giving the orientation is in charge of providing the background history, informal practices, local culture and any other information that a newcomer will be needing to cope with the new environment. Due to this, the newcomer’s perception of the organizational experiences will rely a lot on the person in charge of introducing him to the organization. Through this orientation to the organizational structure, a newcomer will be able to adapt to the organization, despite this other current members may or may not also be cognizant that they serve as role models and information sources for newcomers. In the modern scenario of emerging organizations, given that there are a number of organizations setting a competitive scene, an entrepreneur must learn to respond or adapt to several incumbents representing multiple organizational contexts. Due to this, customers, suppliers, bankers, employees, and other members of the business community function as comrades who guide, and influence the new entrepreneurial recruit (Aldrich & Zimmer, 1986; Larson & Starr, in press). Mentioned here are some features of entrepreneurial networks which describe ways in which network members serve as socializing agents in the entrepreneurial setting. Typically, in organizational settings, there is normally more than one agent who influences the newcomer. The power of agents’ influence depends on several factors earlier discussed such as tangible reward power, frequency of contact, perceived legitimacy and expertise, explicitness of expectations, and the compatability between the expectations of the agent and the newcomer. Other agents such as colleagues, bosses, and subordinates surrounding the newcomer in his environment are very important in the process of organizational socialization. Although this area has not yet been explored, future research should be dedicated regarding the facilitation of better dynamics of all these agents in relation to maximizing the results of organizational socialization. In the entrepreneurial context, the powers in the dynamics of hierarchy are more subtle. Despite this it is still implicit in the negotiations and informal and legal contracts with critical stakeholders that they exist. (Gabarro, 1987). Ofcourse organizational socialization exists and is studied for a very good reason, this is done to achieve a better outcome not only of the newcomer in an organization but also for good output of the organization as a whole. Outcomes related to organizational socialization should ideally be measured to improve tactics on how to deal with newcomers for optimum results. Role orientation is ideally done in this process where in a newcomer will be briefed and equip to face the new challenges for his job. Given that a newcomer ideally fits in a fixed role in an existing organization, it is through this process that our new comer can accept the conformity of a position while practicing innovation that he needs to display in wanting the best for his growth and that he wants to impart in the organization that he is taking part in. Organizational Politics is also an intricate issue that managers should deal with in orienting a newcomer for his proper adjustment to the organization. This is where managers orient acquired employees by specifying clearly the job hierarchies and the reporting relationships associated with different jobs in the firm and its component groups. In doing this, the newcomer can easily distinguish his superior from his subordinates and more importantly, to whom he should regularly report to. It is through this formal communication that organizations can avoid confusion within operations and its structure. This can also be where a new comer can view the organization structure so that he can be motivated and set his work and goal towards climbing up the organizational ladder. Another important aspect of organizational socialization is the technological advances that now innovate the way we deal with organizations. Technology has now paved the way in the way run organizations especially in the way we store and communicate information. As compared to older and traditional means of running organizations, new age technology through electronic communication and information technologies, information is now disseminated faster at an even much lower cost that what used to cost organizations before. While more people offer increased data communications and more powerful technological capabilities, the advancement of the communication process has extended the number an variety of people involved in organizational decisions (Huber, 1990; Sproull & Kiesler, 1991), this happens because technological communications make it possible to diminish temporal and physical interaction constraints through online conferencing and the likes (Eveland & Bikson, 1988; Kaye & Byrne, 1986), it will also increase horizontal and vertical communication as everyone in the organization is easily accessible via the world wide web(Hinds & Kiesler, 1995).

The History of Mr. Potato Head

The History of Mr. Potato Head Did you know that the original Mr. Potato Head was missing a head? The original model didnt come with the familiar brown plastic potato. Inventing Mr. Potato Head In 1949, Brooklyn inventor and designer George Lerner (1922–1995) came up with a revolutionary idea: a toy that children could design themselves. His toy came bundled as a set of plastic body parts- noses, mouths, eyes- and accessories- hats, eyeglasses, a pipe- that were attached to pins. Children would then decorate a potato or other vegetable with the pieces, inventing as they went along.   Lerner shopped his toy idea around for a year but met with resistance. During World War II, the U.S. had suffered through food rationing and somehow using a potato as a toy seemed like a waste. So, instead, Lerner sold his idea to a cereal company for US$5,000, who would distribute his plastic parts as prizes in cereal.   Mr. Potato Head Meets Hasbro In 1951, the Rhode Island Hassenfeld Brothers company was primarily a toy manufacturing and distributing company, making modeling clay and doctor and nurse kits. When they met George Lerner, they saw great potential and paid the cereal company to stop production, buying the rights to Mr. Potato Head for $7,000. They gave Lerner $500 in advance and 5 percent royalties for every set sold.   Girl playing with Mr. Potato Head in 1953. Picture Post / Getty Images Those first sets had hands, feet, ears, two mouths, two pairs of eyes, and four noses; three hats, eyeglasses, a pipe, and eight pieces of felt suitable for beards and mustaches. They came with a styrofoam head that children could use, but instructions suggested a potato or other vegetable would do as well.   In 2002, Mr. Potato Head celebrated his 50th birthday, with these retro examples of the old spud. Spencer Platt / Getty Images The First TV Ad for Children The first television advertisement directed to children, rather than adults, was by the Hassenfeld Brothers for Mr. Potato Head, with the toy riding in a wagon and playing with kids; it premiered on April 30, 1952. The kits sold like hotcakes: the Hassenfelds earned more than $1 million in the first year; in 1968, they changed their name to Hasbro, and today they are the third largest toy company in the world.  Ã‚   Mrs. Potato Head and the Kids By 1953, it became clear that Mr. Potato Head needed a family. Mrs. Potato Head, their children Yam and Spud, and the childrens friends Kate the Carrot, Pete the Pepper, Oscar the Orange, and Cookie Cucumber soon joined the family. A Mr. Potato Head car, boat, and kitchen were soon marketed, and eventually, the brand expanded into puzzles, creative play sets, and electronic hand-held board and video games.   Hasbros later successes include Monopoly, Scrabble, Play-Doh, Tonka trucks, G.I. Joe, Tinker Toys, and Lincoln Logs; but the first and most influential was the famous spud.   Safety Issues The United States was changing rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, and by the late sixties, the first child safety laws were passed, the Child Protection Act of 1966, and the 1969 Child Protection and Toy Safety Act. The gave the Federal Drug and Safety administration the ability to ban unsafe toys: the Consumer Product Safety Administration wasnt  formed until 1973.   Mr. Potato Heads small pieces of plastic with sharp pins on them were considered unsafe for small children. At the same time, parents complained that they kept finding moldy potatoes under their kids beds. In 1964, Hasbro began making hard plastic bodies, and eventually larger body and part sizes for its plastic potato.   Kylo Ren Mr. Potato Head. Hasbro The Modern Mr. Potato Head Hasbro has developed a reputation for responding to cultural changes, or perhaps taking advantage of them. In 1986, Mr. Potato Head became the official spokespud of the Great American Smokeout, surrendering his pipe to then-surgeon general C. Everett Koop. In 1992, Mr. Potato Head starred in an early Public Service Announcement for the Presidents Council for Physical Fitness, renouncing his role as couch potato.  In 1996, Mr. and Mrs. Potato Head joined the League of Women Voters in an advertising campaign to get out the vote, and in 2002 when he turned 50, he joined the AARP.   Mr. Potato Head has become a staple of American culture over the years. In 1985, he received four write-in votes in the mayoral election in the potato hotbed of Boise, Idaho. He also had a starring role in all three Toy Story  movies, where he was voiced by veteran character actor Don Rickles.  Today, Hasbro, Inc. still manufactures Mr. Potato Head, still responding to cultural changes with special Mr. Potato Head kits for Optimash Prime, Tony Starch, Luke Frywalker, Darth Tater, and Taters of the Lost Ark. Sources Everhart, Michelle. Even at 50, Mr. Potato Head still all smiles. Quad City Times. August 22, 2002.   Miller, G. Wayne. Toy Wars: The Epic Struggle between G.I. Joe, Barbie, and the Companies That Make Them. New York: Times Books 1998.   Mr. Potato Head. Western Pennsylvania History Spring 2016:10.   Swann, John P. Clacker Balls and the Early Days of Federal Toy Safety. FDA Voice. U.S. Food and Drug Association 2016. Web.

William Quantrill and Jesse James

William Quantrill and Jesse James It wasn’t always possible to determine on which side certain individuals fought for during the U.S. Civil War, especially when Confederate guerrillas were involved in the State of Missouri. Although Missouri was a border state that stayed neutral during the Civil War, the state provided more than 150,000 troops who fought during this conflict- 40,000 on the Confederate side and 110,000 for the Union.   In 1860, Missouri held a Constitutional Convention where the main topic was secession and the vote was to stay in the Union but to remain neutral. In the 1860 Presidential election, Missouri was one of only two states that the Democratic candidate, Stephen A. Douglas, carried (New Jersey being the other) over Republican Abraham Lincoln. The two candidates had met in a series of debates where they discussed their individual beliefs. Douglas had run on a platform that wanted to maintain the status quo, while Lincoln believed that slavery was an issue that needed to be dealt with by the Union as a whole. The Rise of William Quantrill After the onset of the Civil War, Missouri continued its’ attempt to remain neutral but ended up with two different governments that supported opposite sides. This caused many instances where neighbors were fighting neighbors. It also led to famed guerrilla leaders like William Quantrill, who built his own army that fought for the Confederacy. William Quantrill was born in Ohio but eventually settled in Missouri. When the Civil War started Quantrill was in Texas where he befriended Joel B. Mayes who would later be elected as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1887. It was during this association with Mayes that he had learned the art of guerrilla warfare from Native Americans.   Quantrill returned to Missouri and in August 1861, he fought with General Sterling Price at the Battle of Wilson’s Creek near Springfield. Shortly after this battle, Quantrill left the Confederate Army in order to form his own so-called army of irregulars that infamously became known at Quantrill’s Raiders. At first, Quantrill’s Raiders consisted of just over a dozen men and they patrolled the Kansas-Missouri border where they ambushed both Union soldiers and Union sympathizers. Their main opposition were  the Jayhawkers- guerillas from Kansas whose loyalty was pro-Union. The violence got so bad that the area became known as Bleeding Kansas.   By 1862, Quantrill had approximately 200 men under his command and focused their attacks around the town Kansas City and Independence. Since Missouri was divided between Union and Confederate loyalists, Quantrill was easily able to recruit Southern men who resented what they perceived to be the harsh Union rule. James Brothers and Quantrills Raiders In 1863, Quantrill’s force had grown to over 450 men, one of whom was Frank James, older brother of Jesse James. In August 1863, Quantrill and his men committed what became known as the Lawrence Massacre. They torched the town of Lawrence, Kansas and killed more than 175 men and boys, many of them in front of their families. Although Quantrill targeted Lawrence because it was a center for Jayhawkers, it is believed that the terror that was imposed on the cities’ residents stemmed from the Union imprisoning family members of Quantrill supporters and allies, including the sisters of William T. Anderson – who was a key member of Quantrill’s Raiders.  A number of these women died, including one of Anderson’s sisters while imprisoned by the Union.  Anderson who was nicknamed Bloody Bill. Quantrill would later have a falling out that caused Anderson to become the leader of most of Quantrill’s group of guerrillas which would include sixteen-year -old Jesse James. Quantrill, on the other hand now had a force that only a few dozen. The Centralia Massacre In September 1864, Anderson had an army that totaled approximately 400 guerrillas and they were preparing to assist the Confederate Army in a campaign to invade Missouri. Anderson took about 80 of his guerrillas to Centralia, Missouri to gather information. Just outside the town, Anderson stopped a train. On board were 22 Union soldiers who were on leave and they were unarmed.  After ordering these men to remove their uniforms, Anderson’s men then executed all 22 of them. Anderson would later use these Union uniforms as disguises. A nearby Union force of approximately 125 soldiers began to pursue Anderson, who by this time had rejoined his entire. Anderson set a trap using a small number of his force as bait which the Union soldiers fell for. Anderson and his men then surrounded the Union force and killed every soldier, mutilating and scalping bodies. Frank and Jesse James, as well as a future member of their gang Cole Younger,  all rode with Anderson that day. The Centralia Massacre was one of the worst atrocities that occurred during the Civil War. The Union Army made it a top priority to kill Anderson and only one month after Centralia they accomplished this goal.  In early 1865, Quantrill and his guerrillas had moved on to Western Kentucky and in May, after Robert E. Lee had surrendered, Quantrill and his men were ambushed. During this skirmish, Quantrill was shot in the back causing him to be paralyzed from the chest down. Quantrill died the following as a result of his injuries.